Arguments against Euthanasia Essay

1) Applies to a very small number of situations, therefore unethical to make a doctrine based on this. Modern medicine can alleviate pain and suffering in almost all cases. Accepting euthanasia means accepting the fact that medicine is not advanced enough rather than looking at constructive solutions i.e. further advancements in medicine. 2) Signals giving up on a case, insult to determination and endeavor of the patient as well as the doctor, violation of Hippocrates oath 3) Value in suffering: teach the community perseverance. The community will care for the patient and will learn to go beyond its own set of autonomous goals. Show that human life has value behind personal happiness and absence of pain. 4) Focus is to alleviate pain: can be done through painkillers, euthanasia is unnecessary. 5) Life is a gift of God: each human being has intrinsic value and cannot be treated as means to an end i.e. a painless death. Shows sick and disabled as undesirable. 6) Thin line between eutha nasia and murder-can be misused. Cost cutting for terminally ill people. 7) Mistaken diagnosis-may affect a person’s life 8) Making voluntary euthanasia legal will lead to a domino effect: make involuntary euthanasia legal, which is equivalent to murder In June of 1990, Dr. Jack Kevorkian, a 63-year-old retired pathologist, was charged with first-degree murder after he helped an Oregon woman with Alzheimer’s disease commit suicide in June 1990. Kevorkian was also charged with helping two other women, Marjorie Wantz and Sherry Miller to commit suicide. Miller was incapacitated by multiple sclerosis and Wantz suffered from a painful pelvic condition. Neither condition was life threatening or terminal. Speaking to the National Press Club in 1992, Dr. Kevorkian defended himself by saying that a terminal illness was one that would curtail life by even one day and since all of his victims had ‘terminal illnesses’, therefore ‘euthanasia’ was justified. He has also referred to old age as a ‘terminal illness’ on multiple occasions. Euthanasia, or the right to die, is sought for those people who are terminally ill. Terminally ill†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦hmmm, how would you define people who are terminally ill? (Pause) Well, the definitions may vary from person to person and that is where the problem arises. People like Dr. Kevorkian effortlessly misuse this phrase to include illnesses, which are not necessarily terminal in order to fulfill their own vested interests. Good morning everyone. The motion on the floor today is â€Å"Voluntary euthanasia should be legalized† and we are going to speak against the motion. There is a very thin line between euthanasia and suicide or murder. In most cases, the two are no different from each other. People with non terminal or even trivial illnesses can misuse the legal sanction for euthanasia by using it to assist them with suicide. For a depressed, ill or elderly person, the emotional and psychological pressures, arising out of the feeling that they are a burden on the family or their caretakers, could push a person towards euthanasia. Such people may look for an exit from their guilt by approaching a doctor who is willing to help them, of course, for a handsome sum of money.

Economi Portfolio Essay

Price elasticity of demand (PED ) is the measure of the responsiveness of the demand for a certain good to a change in the price of this good. It is a measure of how consumers react to a change in price. The formula used to calculate the price elasticity of demand for a given product is : % change in quantity demanded of good A PED = % change in prices of good A Figure 1 : demand â€Å"VW on Monday revealed net income of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½4.7bn ($6bn) last year, 14 per cent higher than in 2007, while sales increased 4.5 per cent to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½114bn as VW sold 6.3m vehicles.† This situation is shown in figure 1. There was a shift in demand curve to the right, from D1 to D2, as sales increased. VW sales increased from Q1 to Q2, and they could set higher price for their cars, which increased from p1 to p2. Car market is a type of a monopolistically competitive market. Monopolistic competition has two basic assumptions. Firstly, the producers haven’t much impact on degree of control over price. It means that they have to keep low prices for cars, because the marker is very competitive. Secondly, there are many producers and many consumers, while no business has total control over the market price. Moreover, it is assumed that all firms are profit-maximizers, and the same is with Volkswagen. It will not be concerned about revenue maximization or sales maximization, but only profit maximization. The number of workers it employs is also not important, nor environmental aims which are crucial these days. Most of the firms are not concerned about the environment, and this is why there is negative externality of consumption and production of VW cars. Manufactures emit greenhouse gasses and consumers’ cars also emit greenhouse gasses. However, Volkswagen wants only to maximize its profit. As car market is monopolistically competitive market, figure 2 will best represents VW costs and revenues. â€Å"VW on Monday revealed net income of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½4.7bn ($6bn) last year†, so there was abnormal profit which is marked as pink area on the figure 2. The abnormal profit is the total revenue minus total cost at the level of output where MC curve is equal to MR curve. Figure 2 : abnormal profit Figure 3. losses It is said in the article that this year â€Å"earnings will not reach the high levels of previous years.†. It may be possible that VW will make only losses, which is shown in figure 3. Again, the total abnormal profit or loss is between the AC curve and AR curve at the level of output where profits are maximized (Q). The loss of Volkswagen is marked as the red rectangle in figure 3. VW has many ways to increase demand for their cars. First of all, they should spend more money on innovation, because consumers can be attracted by VW cars with the newest technology. VW works in monopolistic competition and it can â€Å"steal† consumers from other car makers, who will prefer Volkswagen cars. There are three possibilities of what VW may do. Volkswagen should shut down in the short run if it is unable to cover all its variable costs in the short run. This level of price is knows as shut-down price. Secondly, it may operate in the short run, when it is able to cover all its variable costs in the short run. This is known as break-even price and VW will operate in the short run so that it can make an abnormal profit in the long run. Finally, Volkswagen may operate at the profit-maximising level of output if it wants to make abnormal profit in the short run.

Equality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Equality - Essay Example While there are notions that connect equality with the similarity and sameness of identity, they identify equality with similarity, rather than sameness. However, probing further, the concept of equality is distinguished from the definition of identity, as two identical things may not be equal......(Gospath, 2007) In addition, the Marxist definitions have simplified the concept of equality as being a system of relations where every one has equal rights, privileges, and status. As per this theory, the concept of equality has been the result of development of concepts related to freedom and universality. It has cited the equality definition being not true in many societies of the world, like Afghanistan where the gender equality is still not present, as females are not treated at par with the male members of these tribal societies. The Marxist theory further propounds that due to the amassing of wealth by a miniscule percentage of the society, inequality was more evident than equality. Similarly, as per this theory, the religious equality was seen more in the form of inequality as the priests and other Godmen had more privileges and rights than the general masses....(Eq) Both of these cannot co-exist. It is often seen that with different levels of power and wealth accumulation, the real justice is not possible, as more powerful will always try to exploit the weaker section of the society. As per Friedrich Nietzsche, (Human, All Too Human, #92), justice is a trade, which has originated among those who are equally powerful. While he maintains that justice is just the payment and exchange within the characteristic of trade, everyone gives what the other person wants and each gets what he wants in return. It has been emphasized several times that fairness, being a form of justice, is possible, maybe rarely only, among equally powerful people only. Hence, justice cannot be treated at par with equality, as the basic character of justice is to trade on reasonably

Professional portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Professional portfolio - Essay Example To the contrary, I consider my service a priceless gift to people who need it. Diligence in delivery of care, advocacy, and awareness are my fundamental principles into practice. As an advocate, I strive to learn health care needs for better quality of health and collaborate with professionals from other fields to identify possible strategies for meeting the needs. I then strive to influence policy changes at different levels of the health care sector such as at facility level and local government levels. I also participate in research for efficient and effective prevention and management of diseases through direct delivery of care and through community empowerment towards self-care. I have worked as an emergency room nurse for 12 years, an experience that has exposed me to the need for sacrifice for patients’ lives. I am currently a clinical coordinator in liver transplant where experience motivates my nursing values. My priority growth areas are policy development, leadership, and scientific research because of their significance to generation of contemporary knowledge and strategies and mobilization of resources towards policies and policy implementation. Developing and implementing SMART goals is my plan for improving my leadership, research, and policy development potentials (Powers, 2013). My goal on leadership development is to be competent in transformational and charismatic leadership styles. These are important to my advocacy and leadership in policy development that are collaborative initiatives. I plan to attend trainings and workshops o leadership and to seek mentorship from distinguished leaders. A six-month period, beginning from next month, will be dedicated to the goal that I will evaluate monthly using online assessment tests and observation on successful leadership based on the two styles. I currently have knowledge and experience in research but improvements are necessary. I plan to attend part time classes on statistics and research

Dancing on the Edge of a Volcano (Title), From hiring to harassment, Article

Dancing on the Edge of a Volcano (Title), From hiring to harassment, social media can explode on employers (subtitle) - Article Example However, the data received during this kind of search might lead to a biased opinion about the candidate, and it might be better in the long run not to have all the information available, as many of that kind of data should be irrelevant for the decision making. However, if the employer sees the need to conduct social media research during the hiring process, some guidelines should be put in place. These are important to ensure maximum benefit for business. It is recommended for the research to be carried out by the HR specialists rather than any other manager or supervisor. Also, to ensure unbiased decision about a candidate it is best to have a media check after the initial interview with the individual. If social media check is conducted during the hiring process, then the same process should be applied to all the candidates, to ensure they are in equal position. And finally, if the decision about rejecting a candidate was made based on the findings of the research, the specific r eason for denial should be documented to avoid misunderstanding. Harassment. There should be policies in place that prohibit any form of harassment in the workplace. Usually, those include many possible form of harassment, excluding issues concerning social networks. It is obvious that if the employee engages in social media activity on the behalf of the employer then all the policies should apply. Issues arise on the level of personal social networking during off-work hours. There might be some posts reported to an employer or to the co-worker who might be targeted in it, therefore working relations might suffer. It seems that in this case the employer should intervene for the sake of common good; however, employee’s off-duty activity might be protected by several legal sources, such as the Constitution, work unions, stated off-duty conduct protecting statutes. Therefore, the employer should warn the employee that if personal

Project Analysis St. Mary Shopping Centre Thornbury Assignment

Project Analysis St. Mary Shopping Centre Thornbury - Assignment Example This essay describes a proposal, that was made to demolish the existing Thornbury library building at St. Mary Street, Thornbury BRISTOL, South Gloucestershire, to facilitate the erection of a three storey building to form a new library. The new library was also proposed to provide retail space, office space, and associated car parking in the form of a town centre. The proposal was considered by the Development Control Committee. After due consideration of the opinions and views of all interested parties and after a full deliberation the Committee refused the proposal of the development planning. This essay examines the circumstances under which compulsory purchase of land can be ordered by the city council or other local authorities and also the policies of the government with respect to local planning and development. The researcher of this essay also aims to present an alternative development plan for the land under question. Since the proposal for redevelopment of the site is not accepted by the Thornbury Town Council, it is proposed to demolish the building and construct a shopping centre in the place for renting out office space. The details of the project are listed elsewhere in this paper. However, the researcher concludes that before examining the commercial viability of the proposed shopping complex, it would be of interest to study the details of the provisions, that are related to the compulsory acquisition of land and also about the local planning policies of the government.... Thornbury Library St. Mary Street - a Background The proposed site is located in St. Mary Street, Thornbury Town in South Gloucestershire County and the proposal was to make the shopping centre with the name and style of St. Mary /shopping Centre. The town is situated about 14.5 miles north of Bristol city centre. The site is in the ownership of South Gloucestershire Council and can be leased on a long term basis. The Town centre in Thornbury is dominated by the High Street. St. Mary Street where the site is located is full of remnants of old and historic Thornbury building blocks. Since the proposal for redevelopment of the site is not accepted by the Thornbury Town Council, it is proposed to demolish the building and construct a shopping centre in the place for renting out office space. The details of the project are listed elsewhere in this paper. However, before examining the commercial viability of the proposed shopping complex it would be of interest to study the details of the provisions relating to the compulsory acquisitio n of land and also about the local planning policies of the government. Compulsory Purchase of Land Compulsory acquisition is the process by which local and national governments obtain land and premises for development purposes which they consider is to be done in the best interests of the community. The law relating to compulsory purchase is far too complex in that it includes a provision to allow an owner of an interest in land to make a request to the local authority concerned to take possession of the land if that land is affected by a planning decision of the local authority. The basic principle behind the law is that the land suitable for development which will benefit the community may be

Impact of Data Warehousing and OLAP Models on Management Accounting Thesis

Impact of Data Warehousing and OLAP Models on Management Accounting - Thesis Example The use of OLAP and BI tools enable the management accountants to acquire accurate information about all departments. With these tools, a management accountant can draw ideas from the previous happenings of the organization even without much knowledge about the external factors that would lead to collapse of the organization. Owing to these facts, this research work has conducted an in-depth analysis of the impact of OLAP and data warehousing on management accounting. This research work has used the quantitative method of data collection to get opinion from 25 participants from various organizations. The questionnaire has been divided into six sections. The research model has been based on these questions and selected control variables. Statistical analyses in SPSS have been performed on the quantitative data collected to identify the influence of the independent and control variables on the main dependent variable. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and regression analysis have been conducted to study the relation between the variables. Based on the analyses it has been found that the factors like familiarity of the organization about OLAP, expertise level and compatibility of accounts department staff, the OLAP cube structure, availability of skilled personnel and the documentation of BRS have major influence on the choice and implementation of OLAP. In addition, the implementation of OLAP is found to have major impact on management accounting procedures leading to improved decision making business strategies.... o 14 2 Identification of research problem 15 3 Main research question and Hypotheses 17 4 Aim and Objectives of the Research 18 5 Methodology of research 18 6 Structure of the research 20 Chapter 2 – Literature Review 21-36 2.1. The Traditional Accountant 21 2.2. Challenges faced by The Traditional Accountant 22 2.3. Transition of role 23 2.4. The Data Marts 24 2.5. Introduction to OLAP 25 2.6. OLAP models 26 2.6.1. Data analysis in OLAP 26 2.6.2. OLAP components 26 2.7. The role of OLAP 30 2.8. Mapping the BI 30 2.9. Database Design 32 2.10. Warehouse Management 33 2.11. Challenges and implications of BI tools 35 2.12. Chapter summary 36 Chapter 3 - Theory and Hypotheses 37-51 3.1. Foundation of the study 37 3.2. Familiarity of Organizations 37 3.3. Planning of organizations for OLAP 41 3.4. Changes in other departments and OLAP 43 3.5. Compatibility of management accountants with OLAP 45 3.6. Contribution of OLAP to business strategy 47 3.7. Contribution of OLAP to accountin g 50 3.8. Chapter summary 51 Chapter 4 – Research Framework 52-87 4.1. Research methods 52 4.1.1. Survey Research methods 54 4.1.2. Qualitative survey method 54 4.1.3. Quantitative survey method 56 4.2. Sample selection 58 4.3. Data Collection 59 4.4. The Research Model 64 4.4.1. Identification of variables 65 4.4.2. Dependent variable 65 4.4.3. Independent variables 65 4.4.4. Control variables 68 4.5. Research model with variables 70 4.6. Diagnostic tests and issues 72 4.6.1. Descriptive Statistics 73 4.6.2. Inferential Statistics 74 4.7. Overview of SPSS 76 4.7.1. Algorithms supported in SPSS 78 4.7.2. SPSS modeling 78 4.8. Statistical analyses in SPSS 79 4.8.1. Data preparation for SPSS analysis 79 4.8.2. Bivariate and Multivariate Analyses 80 4.8.3. Correlation in SPSS 83 4.8.4. Regression

Watch the film A Taste of Honey (1961). Analyze the film as a work of Movie Review

Watch the film A Taste of Honey (1961). Analyze the film as a work of Kitchen Sink Realism and discuss the work in light of questions of class, gender and race in 1950s Britain - Movie Review Example The director has been very clever in handling the movie because body language says more than meet the words. Tony Richardson is also known for producing other movies like Jean Giraudx’s The Apollo of Bellac. He won an Academy award in 1964 for Best Director of the film Tom Jones. Dora Bryan (Helena), Jo’s mother, is a very selfish woman who is in constant pursuit of her own happiness. You can tell this by the way she combs her hair, puts on her lipstick or light the cigarette. Dora Bryan is also known for her role in Absolutely Fabulous. She won BAFTA awards as Best Actress in A Taste of Honey. Rita Tushingham, also known as Jo, plays the role of an adolescent girl who is also a working class. Her wide eyes show a mixture of fear and innocence. She is aware of her mother’s lack of love and she expresses this by bending her shoulders. She generally carries the weight of being unwanted. Rita Tushingham is known for her supporting roles in The Knack, Doctor Zhivago, just to mention a few. She was nominated Best Actress (BAFTA) in 1966 and also in 1962 Most Promising Newcomer for her role in ‘A Taste of Honey’. This movie is all about black and white people, gay and straight, mothers and daughters. Jo is a 17-year old school girl who lives wither promiscuous and domineering mother, Helen. Jo was longing for love and attention from her mother only for things to get worse between the two of them when her mother enters into a new relationship. This latest ‘romance’ drives Jo out of their apartment and she finds herself in the streets. She later spends the night with a black sailor who ended up impregnating her. Jo’s mother decides to abandon her and move in with her lover after which Jo finds a job and a room for herself. She then meets Geoffrey co-worker who is a shy and lonely homosexual and they agree to share a flat. She discovers later that she is pregnant with the sailor’s child and Geoffrey returns a favor by caring for

Free topic Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Free topic - Research Paper Example According to Ferraro and Andreatta, systems of arranged marriages assist to maintain the caste system, while the fathers have a role to marry off their daughters before puberty (214). The variation of social ranks affects the stability and formation of long lasting relationships intended between the betrothed couple. Even though the couple may identify each other early enough, the social status matters and has to be considered by the brides’ family. Most women in the Indian modern society are trying to change the tradition, by involving their free choice of marriage partners based on educational influence. Despite the education level, there has been little effort made in relation to reducing early marriages after increasing education (â€Å"Dommaraju,† cairn.info). The Mahabharata teaching from Yayati story, expresses how Yayati had declined to marry Davayani, since he knew they both belonged to different ranks. Yayati found it unworthy for him to marry a high rank woma n from a Brahmin royalty. The cultural approval of men in the Indian society relates with how Yayati waited for Devayani’s father’s blessing to his marriage. ... According to Thurston, southern Indians superstitions that involve a quivering feeling in the right arm are meant to symbolize a marriage union, with a beautiful lady as some good luck (Gutenberg.org). In the event of a throb or shake of a body part, such an occurrence is identified with a happening and the individuals should be careful to know the next step to take if it was a bad or good sign. This is a body language among the people of India that has been passed from down to the modern generation. Divayani was pulled from the well by the right hand of Yayati, which may have caused a shake on her body. Indian men have to be keen when using their right hands, to avoid extending a burden of marriage on their part. While it may happen, some men and women may feel lucky for having identified a woman of their life based on their traditional cultures. You will find that there is limited shaking of hands in formal and informal gatherings at a public domain, between men and women, even if they are married (Bisht 181). This is probably one of the reasons for young individuals’ disengagement within young individuals, besides an act of showing respect. On the contrary, (Bisht 181) mentions that members of the same sex, like male to male would be free to express their friendship even if it meant walking arm in arm. Women as tempting beings: for a long time the women in the Indian society are considered to be immoral beings, with an ability to seduce men into immoral conduct that the society disassociates from. Women are therefore married at an early age so as to prevent them from engaging into dissolute behaviors. Following Ferraro and Andreatta’s statement, women in Hindu society have for centuries been viewed as lustful beings, who would do any thing to tempt

Bio On Favorite Business Leader Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bio On Favorite Business Leader - Assignment Example He is the most notable individual in the organisation, being a symbol of leadership and courageous entrepreneurship. He is a passionate leader who works on making sure that all employees enjoy coming to work every morning (Dearlove 2007:85). He has been regarded as a supportive figure in all ventures the company has began, making it easier to attract investors due to his constant presence and charm. He is a risk-taker. All his diverse investments and initiatives have bordered on what many would have called risky ventures, but he has been able to manoeuvre and meet the demands. He is known to start companies and share out the risks with other investors to minimise risks for all other partners (DuBrin 2010:50). He is knowledgeable in all his ventures and recruits people based on their understanding of what is happening. His approach allows him to create a team that loves working and is intrinsically motivated to achieve both personal and organisational goals. He adapts the transformati onal style of leadership that inspires others to work towards the common organisational goals. He also prefers participative leadership strategies that make it easier to ensure that employees own any project being worked on. This motivates them a lot (Shavinina

Are students have changed Essay Example for Free

Are students have changed Essay Our students have changed radically. Today’s students are no longer the people our educational system was designed to teach. (Prensky,2001). Prensky further stated that children in the 21st century are classified as Net-gen, and digital-gen but the most useful description Prensky found for these children is Digital Natives. This is evident because in the 21st century children as young as three years are mastering the uses of computers, videogames, internets, tablets, mobile phones and other technological devices. According to Janssen (n. d) digital native is an individual who was born after the widespread adoption of digital technology. Technology is so advance and useful to students it seems like they get so addicted to it and felt like they can’t do without it and the other hand it helps students to improve in learning. Three changes that are seen with the first century learner regards to technology, they are more dependent on technology, misuse of information and unlimited thinking skills. Firstly, the internet is known as one of the greatest invention of modern age; a gateway that is magical to resources, information and communication unlike anything we previous dreamed of. It is claimed by many that it is the greatest single technological advance for education, as it opens opportunities for studying, learning and discovering. But as time goes by and the first generation of students grows up with modern internet technology from birth to teenage years, questions have been asking are children being dependent on technology. The internet provides students with  enormous advantage of a world of information at their finger tip. A single tap of the finger on the keyboard can deliver a hundred of articles under a second; far hours from when students would spend time spinning through library books and journals in days passed by. With the ease of access, the internet comes with disadvantages such as false and incorrect information that is easily distributed and can be difficult to trace sources and support the information. On, on the other side the volume of research materials online can make students to find information they need too easy, allowing them to compile these information by copying and pasting without understanding and analysing the information they are sifting through at all. While students from twent y years and beyond would have to read and absorb a huge amount of information such as putting together a report on tree frogs. These students have to use different sources for each part of the project; while on the other hand digital natives would discover everything needed to know by the internet site, picking up a little knowledge in the process. According to Jannsen (n.d) people believes that children who are digital natives think differently due to their early exposure to technology and have become accustom to using technology to solve the repetitive tasks that form the basis of traditional learning With the rise of different technology, and the fantastic way that produce communication from mobile phones to iPods to Skype and face book, modern students have become available to a wealth of education opportunities. Pupils from Jamaica can now hold an online debate with a class of their contemporaries in United States and others, interactive group webpage, class blogs, and programs that design interactive online animations which allowed educational communication to form. The reliance on the mobile phones and the laptops is taking toll on areas in education such as literacy and writing skills. This is said to be suffering as children write less and more text message expression take preference over their grammar. Also the suffering of simple communication skills and understanding of personal interaction as young people spend more time online communicating using their keyboards rather face to face contact. The reliance of such method for communication can cause students to form unhealthy relationships with others, concerned about critics that was said, and open up possibilities of cyber-bullying that is very dangerous and persecution of people online. Secondly, the expansion of the use and easy  availability of technology makes it easy for society to do negative activities that often violates the law. The main problems are the misuse of copyright, distribution of forbidden materials, violation of privacy or personal data and other serious activities. This activity can be seen in education field where the increase of plagiarism among students. Students can find information on the internet free and plagiarize other’s work whether if it is intentionally or without realising it. According to Lindemann C(2013) among students in grades 7-12, 21% have turned in a paper downloaded from the Internet. More than a third (38%) copied text from a website. The more students rely on the internet such as Google and Wikipedia answers to answer their home work questions, they are required to use less of their minds to come up with independent thoughts and opinions. Instead they simple click, copy and paste. Plagiarism is not the only way of cheating. The internet is not the only way; students can used other technology such as mp3 players, mobile phones, calculators and other technologies. In gaining information using phones this can be done by emails, texts, Bluetooth, as well as phone calls. According to Takahashi (2011) many educators perceive them a slacking more formal ICT skills. The availability and ease of use of technology makes cheating possible. The environment opens possibilities for academic dishonesty which can be difficult to discover. Students find simple and fast way to get through their studies, such way is to share materials, results, papers, information about exams. A majority of website offers a variety of finished work materials for essays, seminar papers, reports, and even degree works, answers to test for final exams in bachelor or master courses. These website are made for students to upload their work voluntary and the provider usually do not get benefit from the sites; while some sites will offer small benefit for uploading the work. Downloading the work can also be free without registration, if not unless the provider creates a user account or a fee. The reason why students plagiarize is the overload of information. The more information you have leads to the first step towards good school paper. Technology is used by teachers and professionals to increase the quality of leaning. The growth and progress in ICT changes education compare to decades ago and introduce methods that increase in students learning. From this students need to learn how to deal with information for assignments,  work tasks, research tasks and other information problems. Thirdly, technology affects students thinking skill. According to Wolpert S (2009) as technology has played a bigger role in our lives, our skills in critical thinking and analysis have declines, while our visual have improved. Thinking is the ability to reflect, draw on conclusions, knowledge, reason and insight. It is what makes students communicate, build, create and become civilized. Thinking is based from learning, observing, remembering, questioning, arguing, judging and others. The exposure of technology as changes learners. Because of students’ brain still developing and malleable, the exposure of technology causes digital natives brain to be wire in ways different from previous generation. Reading encouraged the brain to be focused and imaginative; but pleasure for reading has decline in young people which enhances thinking and creates imagination that visual media such as video games, television cannot. The using of visual media will allow students to process information better but most don’t allow students to get the time to reflect, analyze or imagine. Reading develops reflection, imagination, critical thinking as well as the development of vocabulary. Through reading, these skills are developed. Students today are more visual literacy and are less print literacy thus many students are not being seen reading often and reading for pleasure. Technology strengthens student’s ability to scan information quickly and efficiently. An impl ication for teaching and learning is that workshops or seminars should be implemented for teachers so that they receive training to know how to integrate the different types of technology into their lessons and make learning more engaging for students. As we know that student gravitates to technology and we are living in 21st century. Attending these workshops teachers are able to know more about each technology such as the usage, programs and others. They are able to monitor the technology by themselves and by doing so they are able to carry out the lesson effectively and stimulate children learning. One implication for policy makers is that in order for the teachers to integrate the technology in the classroom to meet the need of his students, firstly you should provide or equipped the schools with the necessary technology. Without these, teachers will unable to do so, which he or she wants to; so that her students can grasp the concepts well. For the school to be equipped policy makers should also develop an infrastructure to  place the technologies. Provide the necessary security and to eliminate outdated hardware and software and replace them with up to date as the years are passing by. â€Å"When technology integration in the classroom is seamless and thoughtful, students not only become more engaged, the y begin to take more control over their own learning†. (Hertz 2014). Technology integration is the use of technology in the classroom that helps to carry out learning concepts and to manage the class, such technology are computers, overhead projectors, digital cameras, internet, tape recorders, and CD-ROMs. Digital camera is a great application in the classroom as it allows collecting and documenting exciting events in the environment. Integrating digital camera properly can help to link lessons to student’s lives. For example class letter, development of stories and community based research. Cameras can be share between classes and capture images quickly and easily, in which pictures provide important context for children learning experience. Images that are culturally relevant can be a very powerful strategy for students to learn about their community. For example teaching about vocabulary, teachers can send students outdoor with the digital camera to take pictures of events, objects or actions that represent the vocabulary that was discussed . Students can be asked to write sentences or paragraph highlighting new vocabulary. Which is a very excited way for students to increase their vocabulary and become better readers; and teachers could give students the opportunity to take pictures of events or actions that reflect in a story that was read to them, downloading pictures from the computer then allowed children to write a sentence or paragraph about each picture. Having students to take pictures of the story event or action will help them to relate what they reading to their own lives in their community. Digital camera can be used to do storytelling which produces narrated short films using music, photos and voices. The grade 3 lesson â€Å"who are the people in my community†, students and teachers can take a walk within the community with the camera and take pictures of community helpers and write sentences about each role within the community. The teacher and students can produce their story by downloading the pictures on the computer using programs such as Photo-Story, Windows Movie Maker, Powe rPoint, that include narration for each. The tape recorder and boom box can be used to engage student and help save time. One activity for the whole class is teachers can use a student to  become the classroom DJ. Using a microphone, the student announces the topic of the day’s lesson. With a book in hand students can read along with their teacher during reading time. Students can even listen to a recording of their teacher who record the book tape before. The boom box can be used to create electronic portfolio that showcase student’s best work and the learning progress during a time period. By doing this teachers can record the students reading or thinking process when solving a problem, a video clip of his or her oral presentation and a CD with the child digital story. The tape recorder can be used to record student’s reading of a text at regular intervals which is assessed at each interval and strategies plan to improve the reading fluency. The overhead projector is a display system that is used to present images, videos, texts to students. It helps to carry out concepts and for students to grasp concepts by which it stimulates learning by watching videos, interactive games and retrieving texts which aid in the development of different learning styles such as audio and visual learners. The teacher faces the students while the notes that are prepared previously revealed. The lesson becomes engaging and students are attentive or focus and not only that but the teacher becomes more efficient by sharing and creating reusable work. . An example of how teachers can make the projector a part of her lesson is if a teacher is trying to bring across the lesson of the topic family to a grade two class, students will watch a video of the family then have a discussion with the teacher, from the video students will define the term family in their own words. Students will use family related terms seen in the video to write at least five sentences. The family related terms are like: grandmother, brother and sister. References Prensky M (2001) Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants Retrieved February 19, 2014 from http://www.marcprensky.com/writing/Prensigrants%2520-%2520Part1.pd Hertz MB (n.d) How to Integrate Technology Retrieved February 21, 2014 from http://www.edutopia.org/technology-integration-guide-implementation Wolpert S (2006) Is technology producing a decline in critical UCLA Newsroom Retrieved February 21, 2014 from http://newsroom.ucla.edu/portal/ucla/is-ducing-a-decline-79127.asp Lindemann C (2013) How to Stop the Plagiarism Plague | Education.com Retrieved February 21, 2014 from http://www.education.com/magazine/articlcle/stop-plagiarism-plague Janssen C (n.d) What is a Digital Native? Definition from Techopedia Retrieved February 21, 2014 from www.techopedia.com/definition/28094/digital-native Takahashi (2011) Academia.edu | Documents in Digitalian Academia.edu Retrieved February 23, 2014 from www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digitalian

Impact of Colonialism on Indigenous People

Impact of Colonialism on Indigenous People In 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue. Observed on the second Monday of October every year, the federally recognized holiday celebrates the achievements of the Italian explorer Christopher Columbus. But because his arrival brought murder and slavery to indigenous peoples in the Americas, activists have attempted to rename this holiday to Indigenous Peoples Day. Though Indigenous Peoples Day aims to reframe the heritage narrative in the United States, many indigenous people around the world are forgotten, including the people of Kiche in Guatemala who are on the verge of being pushed out of their homeland. With roots as far back as 2000 BC, the Kiche were among the few Maya groups who survived after the decline of the great Mayan Empire. After the conquest by the Spaniards and Kaqchikel neighbors, who allied almost immediately with the Spaniards, in 800 AD, the fortunes of the Kiche changed virtually overnight. Their lands were seized and they were relegated to the status of laborers for their new, colonial landowners. Little has changed since that time. In a country where, Mayan descents constitute roughly 51% of the national population, ethnic diversity makes Guatemala a nation of immense human richness having its own cultural identity. However, discrimination against indigenous population is undeniable in Guatemala. As of today, 10% of total land is in Indigenous hands, which is not surprising where 85% of the nations land is owned by less than 2% of the population. In response, the Guatemalan government did provide about 5.2 million acres of concession areas for indigenous communities like the Kiche to take care of. However, areas controlled by the government undergo the most deforestation. Nearly 40% of Guatemala is covered by forests, making illegal logging a widespread issue that threatens the livelihood of people who rely on forests for survival. Critics blame uneducated campesinos clearing land for agriculture as one of the prime culprits. Though this does represent a threat, there are bigger threats, including lumber companies, and organized crime. Nevertheless, the government does not seem to have the political will to eradicate the dilemma. Some Kiche members, living in the highland Ixil Maya municipality of Nebaj, are actively protesting logging companies exploiting lumber on private lands. While the Indigenous Authorities of Nebaj issued a statement asking the government to take action, they declined to act and simply issued a statement that they are planting new trees for every one that is cut down. Eliseo GÃ ¡lvez, the deputy executive secretary of the governments National Council of Protected Areas, testified that for years, judges and the forestry police, have failed to coordinate this complication. Or perhaps, this very reason could very well be that the Guatemalan Ministry of the Economy actively promotes the investment of companies interested in exploiting the countrys nearly 2 million acres of forests. Timber companies arent the only ones contributing to the deforestation efforts. Drug traffickers have cleared large swaths of forests to lay down clandestine airplane landing strips and roads to haul through drugs. Galvez added, Now it is even more complex because of the influence of illegal actors who are using the park to move migrants and drugs north. In some parts of Guatemala, the narco-led deforestation annual rate was reported to be about 10 percent. In response to the crackdown in Mexico, drug traffickers began moving south into Central America around 2007 to find new routes through remote areas to move their drugs from South America and get them to the United States, said Kendra McSweeney, an associate professor of geography at the Ohio State University. But while bribes keep government officials looking the other way when it comes to deforestation activities, local activists and indigenous people pay the consequence when they speak up. As one of the highest homicide rates in Central America, kidnappings and extortion are not uncommon to indigenous people who may not have the economic ability to pay up, leaving parents to instead pay human smugglers to get their children to the United States, away from the crime. That in part helps to explain why large numbers of unaccompanied children began arriving in the United States starting in late 2013.

The Battle Of Algiers Film Review Film Studies Essay

The Battle Of Algiers Film Review Film Studies Essay A film is a piece of art that aims to entertain as well educate. It is a popular kind of entertainment that is created by a certain culture, and may affect another one. There are various genres of films, with each having its own aim and characteristic. For instance, historical movies (films) are designed to tell about history, comedy ones are to amuse and provoke laughter and so on. Films are always pregnant with meanings and messages that the audience has to depict while enjoying the scenes and following the course of the story. The Battle of Algiers is a worldwide famous film that was banned by France because of the ideas and reality it transmits to the world about the guerilla war that took place in Algeria and led to the destruction of a whole population while seeking their freedom. The film describes the events from two different points of view and aims to convey a lesson at the end. Credits The Battle of Algiers is a war film which is a recreation of the events that happened in the capital city of Algeria between 1954 and 1962 during the Algerian War of Independence. The film won the Golden Lion Award from the Venice International Film Festival in 1966, the International Film Critics Award also in 1966, and the United Nations Award from the British Academy of Film and Television in 1971. It was directed by Gillo Pontecorvo who was a member of the Italian Communist Party at the time and was implicitly on the side of the independence movement. He was nominated as Best Director for the movie in 1966 from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Science. The film was inspired by Souvenirs de la Bataille dAlger which Saadi Yacef, who was a leader of the FLN (Front de Liberation National), wrote in prison. The screenplay, which was written by Gillo Pontecorvo and Franco Solinas and was nominated as Best Original Screenplay in 1966 from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sci ence, describes the sufferings of both sides: the Algerians and the French both civilians and military. The movie was filmed in black-and-white and the casting took place in the actual locations of the struggle which made the scenes appear as if they were recorded the time they were happening and not a recreation of a bloody war which ended a long history of colonization in Algeria. To stress his neutrality vis-à  -vis the two parts of the struggle, Pontecorvo tried to create parallels between the scenes of both French and Algerian people being assassinated and killed by using the same tragic music. However, he made a difference between the French and Algerian approaches to the war by using different sounds to symbolize each groups approach: the sound of gunfire, helicopters and truck engines for the French, and the bomb blasts, ululation, wailing and chanting for the Algerians. Pontecorvo uses non-professional actors for the movie, maybe because he wants the events and the screenplay to be sought for their importance and not only for the sake of the famous actors involved. So, he chose Brahim Haggiag, an Algerian, to play the role of Ali la Pointe. His adversary, Colonel Mathieu, was acted by Jean Martin, the only professional in the film, who was an actor, mainly acting in theater (in Waiting for Godot), and have been member of the French paratroopers in Indochina. Besides, Saadi Yacef, the former FLN leader, played the role of Jaafar, another FLN leader. Plot The film is shot in flashback and it is shown as the memories of Ali la Pointe (played by Brahim Haggiag) who was a leading member of the FLN. The film opens with scene in which the French paratroopers arrests Ali and he starts remembering the events that occurred 3 years earlier when he joined the FLN. The film describes the atrocities from which the French and the Algerians suffered. It traces the resistance of the Algerians (mainly the FLN members) to free their country from the colonizers as well as the French measures taken to stop them and remain in Algeria. When Alis memories are over, he and the other remaining FLN members are killed. However, the elimination of the FLN does not stop the resistance but rather turns it to a nationwide one asking for an independent Algeria which is finally achieved in 1962 with the Declaration of the Independence of Algeria. Characters The main actors of the movie are the persons who were involved in the real-life experience, which made the film appear like a documentary rather than a recreation of events. Saadi Yacef, who was a leader of the FLN and was put in Jail by the French, acted in the movie as an FLN leader also under the name of Jaffari. The bombing in the cafà ©s and French agencies or the assassination of either French or Algerians are in fact a recreation of what Yacef lived. Even when he was arrested by the French in the Casbah, he is acting his own arrest. The other member of the FLN is Ali la Pointe which was played by Brahim Haggiag. Ali was a thief who was arrested and put in prison where he witnessed the executions of Algerians. Once he was released, he became a member of the FLN but he was first tested to make sure that he was not a spy (he was asked to kill a French policeman). Even if Brahim Haggiag was not, in reality, an FLN leader; he lived at the time of the struggle for liberation and witnessed, and may have participated as an Algerian, in the resistance against colonialism. He can be seen as the representative of all Algerian young people who were ready to sacrifice themselves to ensure their peoples freedom. The third major character of this film is Colonel Mathieu, played by Jean Martin. He represents the efficiency and seriousness of the French military. He came from France to ensure stability in Algeria when the FLN members became threatening the French existence in Algeria. He is very influential and follows strategic method of fighting the enemy instead of just spontaneous violence. He has a strong personality and can at any time change the course of events once he feels that its not in his benefit. For example, when an FLN a leader is captured and a press conference is held, he stops the conversation as soon as he feels that the enemys words started to influence the audience. Besides, when answering a journalists question, he said openly that if they want France to stay in Algeria, they must accept the consequences. Other important characters in this film are women. Unlike what is usually known, that war is reserved for men, the battle of Algiers involved both men and women who fought side by side to reach their goal. Women serve as a secret bunker for weapons and guns as they are the only ones who are exempt from inspection, and hence, they can carry them in their bags. A most striking scene in the movie is when three FLN women drop their veils and assume a French look to be able to enter a French cafà ©, nigh club and travel agency to plant explosives and create an alert situation among the French. So, women were a vital part of the FLN and fought with men to ensure freedom. One last character to mention is Omar, the small boy whose duty was mainly to transmit letters and serve as a messenger between the FLN members and which represents the Algerian children who participated in the resistance and who proved to be older than their ages. Thus, the Algerian society, with all its components, was mobilized against the common enemy which was the French colonialism. Conclusion In the Battle of Algiers, Pontecorvo shows the inevitability of violence. In other words, every part wants to be the winner and hence tries to be the last one to inflict the other: an execution of an FLN leader led to the assassination of many French policemen, which led to the French bombing the Casbah which led to the FLN women bombing the French sites (cafà ©s and offices). The film clarifies history and tells us that we keep repeating the same mistakes over and over even today. This film is pregnant of messages. On the on hand, it tells us that violence can lead only to violence and not peace. On the other hand, it gives a moral lesson to the countries which try to interfere in other countries internal affairs and try to impose their own will. They will be losers no matters how long they manage to stay there. The Battle of Algiers is a film which is worth seeing since it tells us history as well as moral lessons on how we should respect others properties as well as struggle to preserve ones own belonging.

Implications of Internet Censorship Essay -- Critical Thinking Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Abstract:   This paper deals with the ethical and social implications inherent in filtering content online.   As exposure to the Internet penetrates deeper into mainstream lives across all demographic groups, there has been increased concern about the ability of children to obtain access to printed and graphic material believed to be detrimental to their development and/or well-being.   Not only could this material be argued to be damaging, it could possibly lead children to act violently or maliciously towards others.   Proponents of filtering objectionable content argue that through such means society will be able to utilize the power of the Internet to acquire information, while still adhering to certain community values regarding the welfare of children.   Numerous critics of this argument claim that by filtering Internet content, society would be crippling individuals' right to use the power of the Internet for free-speech.   They argue that not only will unregulated speech be discouraged, but that the means for filtering are themselves inherently imperfect, often restricting worthwhile content from reputable queries. While not a complete solution to the dilemma, perhaps enforcing an instituted rating system on web pages might be an effective means for working past the unpredictable nature of content filters.    Just one decade ago few could have envisioned a world where scientists, business professionals, media agencies, activist groups, and children all over the globe would have access to equal common material via an online medium.   Originally started as a small interconnected network for government agencies, educational institutions, and computer researchers to trade information, the Internet has permeated the daily ... ...n Law Firm, http://www.fmew.com/archive/censor/.    The Internet Police. http://www.internet-police.co.uk/aims.html.    "Information about Labeling and Rating Systems". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. http://www.mit.edu/activities/safe/labeling/summary.html. "Communications Decency Act," Yahoo!. http://dir.yahoo.com/Society_and_Culture/Issues_and_Causes/Civil_Rights/Censorship/Internet_Censorship/Communications_Decency_Act/. Communications DecencyAmendment (full text of final language passed by the u.s. senate on June 14, 1995). http://www.prognet.com/contentp/rabest/thebill.html. "Internet Indecency and Communications Decency Act," University of Texas. http://www.gslis.utexas.edu/~cjyoung/. "Net filters strain to block sites," cnetNews.com, http://news.cnet.com/news/0-1005-200-4833800.html?tag=st.cn.1.lthd

The Power of Myth Essay examples -- Literary Analysis, Joseph Campbell

According to Joseph Campbell’s The Power of Myth, one archetypal mythic hero appears in diverse cultures in different forms. Two protagonists in Paulo Coelho’s The Alchemist and Thor Heyerdahl’s Kon-Tiki share similar heroic characteristics despite their different backgrounds and cultures. One of the concepts explained in The Power of Myth is the stages of human development. Campbell states that â€Å"As a child, you are brought up in a world of discipline, of obedience, and you are dependent on others. All this has to be transcended when you come to maturity, so that you can live not in dependency but with self-responsible authority† (Campbell 87). Thor and Santiago both experience the stages of human development, from dependence to maturity. In The Alchemist, Santiago decides to become a shepherd and travel the world, disobeying his parents who want him to be a priest. When his father says â€Å"Amongst us, the only ones who travel are the shepherds†, Santiago makes up his mind to become a shepherd. (Coelho 9). In Kon-Tiki, Thor was disappointed and discouraged because his theory is rejected and ignored by people. However, soon, he decides to sail the sea with few other people to show that his theory is right. Thor says to his friend, â€Å"I’m so sure the Indians crossed the Pacific on their rafts that I’m willing to build a raft of the same kind myself and cross the sea just to prove that it’s possible† (Heyerdahl 23). Santiago’s making his own decisions and Thor’s taking action to get out of his helpless situation show their developments to the more mature human beings. According to The Power of Myth, one of the characteristics of hero is to encounter troubles. He explains, â€Å"The trials are designed to see to it that the intending hero sh... ... by giving money to prepare sailing, and equipments that they need while sailing. Also, when they struggle to settle on the land, the native people help Thor and his companions. Native people helped them settle the raft on the island, and to reach the destination. According to Thor, the native inhabitants â€Å"pointed westward indicating that they were heading toward dangerous reefs† (Heyerdahl 182). Listening to this, they got prepared for the dangerous way and succeed go through there. These examples demonstrate that the two protagonists escape from their troubles with the help of other people. In conclusion, the two characters in The Alchemist and Kon-Tiki share similarities in their stages of human development, encountering troubles, and getting help from other source. These supporting details illustrate the universality of the characteristics of mythic heroes.

Prejudice and Racism in The Jewel in the Crown and Heart of Darkness Es

Racism in The Jewel in the Crown and Heart of Darkness      Ã‚   The effects of British colonialism are reflected in literature from both early modernism and post colonialism. Racial discrimination tainted both eras portrayed in the British morale of white supremacy over non-European counties unfolded. Heart of Darkness exemplifies early modernism in the British explorers viewed African natives of the Congo as incapable of human equality due to perceived uncivilized savagery. Personal interaction between races was little to none, as the freshly conquered Africans were still viewed as alien. Likewise, Jewel in the Crown, exemplifies of post colonialism, echoes racism from the British Rule in India. Postcolonial literature evolved from early modernism as the focus was of the interactions between the British and the people they conquered in modernism. Racism was still prevalent in post colonialism, yet the literature offers a slightly lees subhuman view of the Indians. The characters in both literary works express reactions to " learned prej udice" as white people in "control of a black man's country" (Jewel of the Crown, P.150). Furthermore, the theme common human bonds between blacks and whites develop as British characters reject racism in " the critique of the traditional values of the culture" (Modern Literature handout, P.4). Through the recognized human bond, the need to bridge the gap between black and white people develops.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The modernism theory of British " awareness of primitiveness and savagery civilization built, and therefore an interest in the non-European peoples" (), was still evident in Post colonialism literature. The British explorer of uncivilzed Africa, Marlow in Heart of Darkness, has... ...ived in early Modernism and Postcolonial Literature. The British value of learned prejudice produced a fear of dark skin, especially when curious attraction and primitive instinct felt natural to the British. However, as values are questioned, and basic human emotion is shared, human bond become blind to skin color. The theme in both literary pieces reflect Carl Jung's theory that " all humans share a common spiritual/psychic heritage, collective unconsciousness, racial memories"(English 103 handout HofDEaarly Modernism, p., 2).      Works Cited Agatucci, Cora .Conrad Study Guide Damrosch, David, et al., ed.   The Longman Anthology of British Literature: Vol. B.   Compact ed.   New York: Longman - Addison Wesley Longman, 2000. Scott, Paul.   The Jewel in the Crown.   [1966.]   Vol. 1 of the Raj Quartet.   Rpt. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.

Guiding principle for assessment of student learning Essay

Evaluation should bebased on clearly stated objectives. An objective is defined as the statement of the expected behaviors that the student should display after instruction or teaching. These objectives serve as basis for constructing and using assessment instruments to assess students’ learning. The expected behaviors are somehow related to either of the following, but not limited to: 1) knowledge; 2) reasoning; 3) skills; 4) products; or, 5) affects. Knowledge – refers to the cognitive activities which include memorizing, recalling of facts, understanding of concepts and meanings, analysing the relationships of related facts, synthesizing or related facts and principles, and evaluating the outcomes of the relationships of concepts and principles. Reasoning – is a behavior which refers to the cognitive activities which require the use of presentation, justification, and rationalization of the existence of facts, concepts, theories, and principles. Skills – defined as the ability to use once knowledge effectively and readily in the execution of performance of a specific task. This requires three elements in the skill: 1) sensing; 2) precision (accuracy); and, 3) timing. Products – refers to psychomotor activities that show the end result of using the abilities to manipulate, apply, and operate facts, concepts and principles in real-life situations. Affects – refers to the activities that show values, morals, ethics, ideals, and standards in life. B. The Principle of Appropriateness of Assessment Evaluation procedures and techniques should be selected in terms of the clearly stated objectives (Gronlund, 1981).There are various formats of assessment instruments from which the teacher can choose for classroom use. The suggested general formats are the following: Objective test – are those that require one and only one correct answer and no possible answers. Reganit, et al.(2004) posits that an objective test is made up of items for which correct responses maybe set up in advance. There are different types of objective test item formats, these are: 1) supply type; 2) matching type; 3) alternate-response type; 4) labelling; 5) enumeration; and, 6) multiple choice. Subjective test – res are evaluated by giving an opinion about the issue, concepts, ideas, and the like. In an English class, a test for the assessment of students’ writing skills are often considered as subjective because it require the teacher to rate a piece of work based on his/her personal interpretation. The raters can assign the corresponding points depending upon the quality of the piece of writing output. Performance test – when the objective of the lesson requires that at the end of the lesson the student are required to perform in an activity, the appropriate test to measure the achievement of this objective is a performance test. Oral Reasoning– when the instructional objective states that â€Å" at the end of the lesson the pupils orally defend their stand on the issue,† then an oral reasoning test is appropriate. Observation – Reed and Bergmann (2001) observation is one effective means of learning†¦how students response to classroom environment. This assessment method can be done by the teacher, co-student, or even parents. Self – Reports – students may be required to write personal opinions, journals, and reflection about a learning activity.Fromthese self-made reports, the teachers evaluate whether or not these students have learn the concepts taught in the classroom.

Potluck Essay

The meaning of Doublespeak in Lutz opinion†¦ The essay â€Å"Doublespeak† specifically dives into the significance of the idea. The author does not hold back, but early on defines the general meaning of Doublespeak. The author’s introduction is the explanation of doublespeak in general context. He lets the reader know beforehand about many tangents in double speak. He mentions four types of doublespeak which are euphemism, Jargon, gobblygook, and complex language. From these sub groups of double speak, he further explains detail of such doublespeak and its effect to the public. In essence, the effect of the author is to nform the audience precisely about doublespeak in many angles. He does not take a strong stance on his argument, but he does let his audience know that double speak is an effective rhetoric to use in certain circumstances. The idea of euphemism is to sugar coat an instance. This can be used by simple diction or a whole statement. It is up to the writer to choose his/her method. Lutz leaves the choice to the audience, but provides certain examples to let the audience be informed with the affect of euphemism in a statement. In essence, he provides short and precise examples by omparing a straightforward statement with a doublespeak statement. He informs the reader that euphemism is a rhetoric that creates vagueness in a blunt statement. In my opinion, Lutz did a fine Job. The omission of any statements will leave the essay vague and blank, in a sense. Secondly, Lutz explains and defines Jargon to be a prestigious type language to impress and inform an audience. Many of the high class workers use this rhetoric in their professions to make a good impression. In essence, a Jargon can be used in a hospital, court, or any other professional environment. Lutz rovides the reader with positives and negatives regarding this rhetoric. He informs his reader to be well aware of using such rhetoric. The examples provided are precise and clear cut. In essence, he gets his point through. Adding on, gobblygook is a certain doublespeak that is similar to a Jargon, but way out of proportion with its complexity. Lutz lets the reader know to use this language in specific rhetorical situations. He informs the audience that gobblygook is a type of rhetoric that is used impress a bunch of ignorant audience, or to impress an educated group of audience hom will actually understand the meaning of such words. Besides that, it is not proper to use in personal conversations – unless you’re Einstein. Lutz efficiently explains this idea by providing examples to the audience. Furthermore, complex language is a type of rhetoric that is considered moderate compared to gobblygook. It’s not out of proportion, but can stray away the audience if used too much. In oral arguments it is not functional. If used in papers, it can work, but if used too much, it can confuse the reader. Lutz explains the moderation of this rhetoric compared to Jargon and gobblygook. In essence, Lutz does a fine Job explaining the definitions of double speak in all angles. He gives the audience a general definition and provides general examples to prepare the audience for the lesson. He divides the four main definitions and gives sub examples for each definition. In addition he connects each definition back and forth providing the audience will clarification on his topic. He classifies his work in a general topic, then provides examples, and ultimately connects it to the overall meaning of doublespeak. In essence, he does an effective Job explaining the audience the general idea of doublespeak.

Ancient Civilization Essay

Ancient Civilizations Essay: Understanding Geography and History Amanda Honors World History Period 2 Mrs. Ocasio October 15th, 2012 People. Mountains. People. Culture. People. Water. Ever wonder why history and geography very often studied together? Well it is because geography has a lot of influence on the worlds’ overall history and how it all connects together. Learning geography is also important in understanding history because people need to know where and how were the locations are and why the civilizations formed there.To continue, all civilizations are connected in some way, from trading to religious beliefs or wars to traditions; some of the civilizations that are going to compared are very similar. That is why the understanding of geography is crucial to the understanding of history because it impacted the development of city-states, caused isolation, and allowed cultural diffusion between the civilizations. To begin, geography impacted the development of many city -states. India and the Nile River Valley had been majorly impacted by the Earths geography in early civilizations.Many rivers flowed through India, which included the Indus and the Ganges Rivers. Most Indian city- states were close to these rivers because the people wanted to be near water making it easier to get excess to it. It was also important for Indians to be near the Ganges River because that river was sacred to them and â€Å"†¦one Indian name for â€Å"river†: lok-mata, or â€Å"mother of the people. † (World History Book, page 52). Now the Nile River Valley was very fertile, which made â€Å"†¦farmers take advantage of the fertile land of the Nile Valley to grow wheat and flax, a plant whose fivers were used for clothing. and have excess to water in the dry Egyptian heat. The â€Å"Black Land† was the rich and irrigated area of the Nile Valley and â€Å"no more than 10 miles wide, lay the ‘Red Land,’ a sun-baked desert that s tretches across North Africa. † (24). All these physical features impacted where the Indian and Egyptian city-states were set up and governed. Following that, most geographical features caused isolation. China and Egypt had a lot of isolation because of the mountain ranges and deserts that surrounded and bordered them. China had the â€Å"†¦high mountain ranges- the TienShan and the Himalayas-and brutal deserts blocked the easy movement of people†¦southeast, thick jungles divided China from Southeast Asia†¦the north lay the forbidding desert, the Gobi†¦to the east, the fast Pacific Ocean. † (59). Because China was so isolated by many physical features caused by the geographical movement they believe that they were the center of the Earth and the sole source of civilization. But Egypt was isolated from other civilizations by a vast stretch of desert and large bodies of water, making it a peninsula. This desert is the Sahara Desert, the largest desert in the world.The Sahara is difficult to get through making it harder to reach Egypt, thus making it isolated from migrating people and trade. Although the bodies of water created some isolation, it however helped with Egypt’s trade and excess to many ports. This shows that geographical knowledge is also important to understand history because if one did not know what type of physical features were available thou would now know what to expect. Lastly, geography allowed cultural diffusion between civilizations. Greece and China had a lot of cultural diffusion because both civilizations depended on trade to grow and prosper.The Greeks had â€Å"†¦hundreds of bays, the Greek coastline provided safe harbors for ships. † (105). This shows that the Greek economic system highly depended on trading overseas; Greeks became skilled sailors, who carried cargoes of olive oil, wine, and marble around the Mediterranean area. Because the Greeks were traveling so much to other are as to trade they went back home with new ideas and different traditions, some making their lives easier. For example, â€Å"Greeks expanded the Phoenician alphabet. The resulting Greek alphabet became the basis for all western alphabets. (105). All of the trading and traveling overseas made Greece become more populated and prosperous forcing man Greeks to leave their own overcrowded valleys and vineyards and when they left they brought the Greek culture and ideas with them. Now moving eastward toward China to the Silk Road to the West, which was very important link to China and the rest of the world. â€Å"During the Han period, new foods such as grapes, figs, cucumbers, and walnuts flowed to China from western Asia. † (95) Making this region grow even more culturally more than ever.Although China is very isolated, it still traded as much as Greece would have; the Silk Road eventually stretched for 4,000 miles linking China to the Fertile Crescent. â€Å"China also traded t ons of silk westward to fill a growing demand for the prized fabric† (95) and in return China would return with furs from Central Asia, muslin from India, or glass from Rome. The Silk Road was not only an important trade route it was also had many controllers making it more likable; â€Å"at the western end, trade was controlled by various people, including the Persians. † (95).This makes geography even more important to understand history. In conclusion, the study of geography is very important to the understanding of history. People. Mountains. People. Culture. People. Water. Everything is connected. The development of city-states, suspended isolation, and cultural diffusion all has to do with ancient civilizations history and geography. It also has effect on today’s environment. In the end it is important to know both subjects even though that knowledge may not be applied to lives in any way, shape, or form it is still something useful to know.

Chemical Effects of Electric Current Essay

EXTRA QUESTIONS: Q. Why the bulb glows when the electric current passes through it? Ans. Due to the heating effect of current, the filament of the bulb gets heated to a high temperature and it starts glowing. Q. Write a short note on: (a) LED Ans. LED- Light Emitting Diodes are used for lighting. There are two wires(called leads) attached to a LED. One lead is longer than the other. Longer lead – connected to positive terminal of battery Shorter lead- connected to negative terminal of battery Advantages over CFL- LEDs consumes less electricity †¢LEDs glow even in weak current †¢CFL contain mercury which is toxic and hence CFLs require safe disposal Disadvantages over CFL- LEDs are expensive Q. Ionic compounds do not conduct electricity in solid form but their aqueous solution conduct electricity. Why? Or Common salt does not conduct electricity but its aqueous solution conduct electricity. Why? Ans. Ionic compounds (e.g.- Common salt) have strong electrostatic forces of attraction between their constituent ions. Thus ions are strongly held and cannot move. Therefore, cannot conduct electricity. Aqueous solution means solution prepared by dissolving in water. Water has a high dielectric constant(ability to screen charges or ability to separate opposite ions in ionic compounds) and thus diminish the attraction of the two opposite charges. Ions are now free to move and thus conduct electricity. NCERT QUESTIONS: Q. When the free ends of a tester are dipped into a solution, the magnetic needle shows deflection. Can you explain the reason? Ans. The magnetic or compass needle shows deflection due to magnetic effect of electric current. This proves that the given solution is a conducting solution as circuit is complete and current is flowing through the wire wrapped around magnetic compass resulting in deflection of magnetic needle. Q. Name three liquids, which when tested in the manner shown in Fig. 14.9, may cause the magnetic needle to deflect. Ans. Conducting liquids like lemon juice(acid), caustic soda solution(base) and brine(salt solution) allow current to pass through them. Thus, circuit gets complete and current flows through the wire wrapped around magnetic compass resulting in deflection of magnetic needle. Q. Does pure water conduct electricity? If not, what can we do to make it conducting? Ans. No, Pure or distilled water does not conduct electricity. Reason- As pure or distilled water does not contain dissolved impurities like salts. Addition of acid, base or salt make water conducting as these ionic compounds ionise or dissociate into ions due to high dielectric constant of water. Flow of ions conducts electricity. Q. In case of a fire, before the firemen use the water hoses, they shut off the main electrical supply for the area. Explain why they do this. Ans. Water used by fireman is not pure or distilled. Such water or tap water can conduct electricity as it contains dissolved impurities like salts. If the electrical supply for the area is not shut off and water by mistake falls over electrical appliances, then current will pass through water harming the firemen. That is why, in case of a fire, the firemen shut off the main electrical supply for the area before they use the water hoses. Q. A child staying in a coastal region tests the drinking water and also the seawater with his tester. He finds that the compass needle deflects more in the case of seawater. Can you explain the reason? Ans. Both drinking water and sea water contains dissolved salts or ionisable impurities. But the amount is more in the sea water which makes it more conducting than the drinking water. Therefore, the compass needle deflects more in the case of seawater. Q. Is it safe for the electrician to carry out electrical repairs outdoors during heavy downpour? Explain. Ans. No, it is not safe to repair electrical appliances outdoors during heavy downpour. As we know rain water is acidic. Hence, rain water can conduct electricity. The electrician may get electrical shocks while working outdoors during rain or heavy downpour. Q. Paheli had heard that rain water is as good as distilled water. So, she collected some rain water in a clean glass tumbler and tested it using a tester. To her surprise, she found that the compass needle showed deflection. What could be the reasons? Ans. Rain water when precipitate dissolves impurities from atmosphere. It contains dissolved impurities like acids which makes it a conducting solution. There are no dissolved acids or impurities present in the distilled water. Hence, rain water can allow electric current to pass through it while distilled water cannot. Passage of current completes circuit and hence compass needle showed deflection due to magnetic effect of electric current.

Ethical filter worksheet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethical filter worksheet - Essay Example It is not easy to live with what is meager and sometimes having to think of a surplus liability. What could be a life in comfort will be earning surplus income saving every 10% from every income without difficulty. Confidence is very important, but often, research proved to be helpful in making personal or organizational decisions. However, in instances where immediate decisions must be made, there is nothing better that a manager who have more than enough courage to show self-esteem. 1. Sometimes we face choices when we have little time, and possibly no preparation. What are the advantages to role-playing those situations in advance What is your action plan to avoid falling into ethical traps MacAdams (1998) stated that R. H. Morrison recognized determination and firmness of purpose as the optimal ingredient to every victory. I am an advocate to the same concept, and this is how I avoid falling into ethical traps.

Info Analysis - Computer Information System Article

Info Analysis - Computer Information System - Article Example The organization might want to automate this business process. In this case, the other businesses could be having the same hardware and software but they lack the business process. This way, they will not get the competitive advantage of the business first, then the competitive advantage of using information technology in undertaking the business process. The use of information technology is different as the process that is to be automated could still be undertaken by human beings. It will depend on the culture of the organization regarding the human resource. The gains that are sought in using information technology will depend largely on the competitive nature of the organization. I do not agree with the comparison as all organizations could be having the same hardware but they lack the competitive nature that comes from employing the use of these technologies. Information technology investment will depend on the business processes that are available and the strategies that various companies have towards the use of information technology. Even now, nearly all organizations have the same hardware and software but there are those organizations that have made use of information technology than others. This is because it depends on the investment on information technology and the strategies used. ... , although this one of the reasons, but because of the new opportunities and the research that they undertook in this field of information technology. Competitive advantage is gained when we make use of information technology and ensure that there is enough research to understand what will be gained and lost. Information technology risks are analyzed when new information systems are obtained. There is no need to focus on this aspect so much such that the function and the core reason for investing in the technology are forgotten. Risk management is part of the management of information systems. Once information systems have been installed in place, there will be management of these information systems. Risk management is another function that will come after the information system has been installed. It is, therefore, the role of the information managers of the information systems to constantly review the information system for errors and potential risks that might be experienced. Whe n taking this stand, I understand that there is no technology that does not come with risks. If risk management would be the main focus of companies and organizations, then the current status of technology could not have been attained. T is important to understand this important fact. Effort should be put in new opportunities. This is the main area of focus. Question 3 Duke Nukem is a game that was developed in the 1990s. The game was losing popularity. There were more advanced games which were being developed. These new games had features which were better than those of Duke Nukem. There were better features and improvement of computer features. With the development of these features, there were games which took advantage and were fun to play. For this reason, the popularity of Nuke Dukem

Preparing a comprehensive case analysis, Part 2 Assignment

Preparing a comprehensive case analysis, Part 2 - Assignment Example He further notes that since the inflation and the Gross National product (GNP) have a substantial impact on the market growth, they are included an index. The range is divided between two divisions: high growth depicting industries and firms growing and expanding faster than inflation and the gross domestic products and are shown above the line while low growth depicts those industries and firms growing slower and at a less than inflation rate or GNP rate. Headley (1977) notes that the horizontal axis (x) shows the relative market share. The share is computed relative to the largest competitor in the market. Consequently, both the range and the division are arbitrary. He incorporated the scale of 1.0 to show the line where market leadership will occur. This implied that market leadership would occur where the market share exceeded 1.0 As put forward by David (2011) and Headley (1977), the BCG Growth/share matrix is divided into four quadrants, each representing a particular type of b usiness. The circles represent products. Therefore, the size of the circle reflects the relative significance of the product to group sales. Furthermore, its development reflects the profit contribution to each division and occasionally represents in the pie segments within the circle. The Boston Consulting Group’s Growth Share Matrix Fig 2 (DISASTER SEQUENCE AND SUCCESS IN PRODUCT PORTFOLIO STARS QUESTION MARKS CASH COWS DOGS The disaster sequence moves from the dogs to stars to dogs in that order while the success sequence moves from the dogs to stars. Key Y AXIS – MARKET GROWTH RATE X AXIS – RELATIVE MARKET SHARE Disaster sequence (anticlockwise) The clockwise is the success sequence a) THE QUESTION MARKS These product or businesses compete in high growth markets, but where the markets share of the firm is relatively low. For instance, a new product launched into a high growth market and with an existing market leader is normally considered a question mark. B usiness firms with such products normally align themselves with either of the following intensive or divestment strategic options in order to improve the competitive position, sales volume and reputation of the firm: market penetration, market development and product development (David, 2011; Headley, 1977) b) THE STARS These are successful question marks (David, 2011). However, as Headley notes an investment is still normally required to maintain growth and defend the leadership position of the firm. As noted by Headley (1977), occasionally, they are marginally profitable products. However, as they achieve a more mature status in their life cycle and growth levels, they appear more attractive. He further notes that these products provide a basis for the long-term growth and profitability for the firm. During this business period, the firms normally adopt some strategic options such as market penetration; market and product development, joint ventures and integration. These defensiv e strategies are aimed at defending the market share and the leadership position from its competitors (David, 2011). C) THE CASH COW These are characterised by a relatively high market share in low growth industries. As the market matures, the need for the investment reduces due to a reduction in operating costs. As noted by the David (2011) and Headley (1977), these products are the most profitable products in the business portfolio. In addition, usually the market situation is boosted by the economies of scale

Comparing and Contrasting Operating Systems Assignment

Comparing and Contrasting Operating Systems - Assignment Example The Novelle Netware OS, however, is older than any of these platforms and has been mainly used as a networking OS. The difference and to the disadvantage of the Windows platform is in regard to the security issues. Viruses and worms are far rarer in Linux and OSX than in Windows. Linux is universally held as a very solid OS and much preferred as server and firewall system. OSX, on the other hand, is a highly customized UNIX system, which also makes it a more security aware infrastructure. According to Thomas, Chanelle and Sicam, the total number of viruses and worms found in the wild infecting Linux systems are less likely than 1,000 while Windows must tackle, approximately 1,000 new viruses every month (185). Meanwhile, Novelle used to be the king in terms of security and reliability but that it has undergone very little upgrades since the 1990s. Another important difference between the operating systems being discussed is the cost. Linux is an open platform, hence, it is free. Windows 2000, Novelle Netware, and the OSX on the other hand, come with expensive price tags. For example, when a consumer upgraded from NT4 to Windows 2000, he had to buy Client Access License besides the software upgrade of $400 or $500 (Boswell 31). However, what made Windows 2000 more attractive for users is the availability as well as the sheer number of compatible applications. Linux users are relatively low compared to the Windows platform and the number of applications developed for it over the years is fewer as well. This is also the case in the OSX’s experience. With regards to Novelle, it has stopped being relevant in the OS market because of its poor graphical user interface and have remained as choice server system only for very few administrators. This factor is still the most significant for users. Despite all the advantages that Linux and OSX has over

Technology and Organizations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Technology and Organizations - Research Paper Example The influence of technology extends beyond influencing the organization to enhancing the services given to its customers. Of particular importance to organizations has been information and communication technology, commonly interchanged with the terminology technology, which could be attributed to the rapid increase in adoption of information technology in organizations (Zammuto et al., 2007). This paper adopts the definition of technology by Prasad (2009) which encompasses three elements: human processes, physical system and knowledge. Technology occurs through the interaction of human and organization processes and the physical hardware. Knowledge allows the creation of the physical product. Therefore, technology refers to the product resulting from a body of knowledge aimed at achieving a design for a physical system and the human processes interacting with the product, allowing it to meet the intended function. Importance of Technology to Organizations Technology plays a critical role in shaping the function and form of an organization. According to Zammuto et al. (2007), technology, and in particular information technology, propagates automation of organizational operations and increases communication speed. Automation of organizational functions has made it possible to collect and store tasks and replace people and papers with electrons, without necessarily changing the outcome of the tasks. Digital filing saves on paper and printing costs. The use of computer systems allows for instantaneous corrections and also, together with the capabilities provided by information technology, make information available when need be. Therefore, it could be said that technology enhances the efficiency of organizations. Secondly, technology in organizations eliminates time and space by promoting mobility (Prasad, 2009). For instance, video conferencing technology allows people in different localities to interact with each other. This creation of virtual meetings reduces travel costs and distributes data without necessarily being in the same room. Therefore, technology propagates the establishment of a global presence at minimal cost. Another importance that comes with technology focuses on human capital. According to Prasad (2009), technology in organizations enables effective screening, recruiting and hiring of rightful workforce. Various organizations use the Internet to attract potential employees. Technologies such as personality assessments have been useful in determining the fit of candidates in an organization. Negative Impact of Technology on Organizations Even as technology improves organizational performance, it also has limitations which could render it worthless. Birchall and Giambona (2008) point out job elimination as one of the major negative impacts of technology. According to the scholars, whereas technology could greatly reduce paperwork and human intervention on one hand, it reduces employment opportunities for people on the othe r hand. For example, the introduction of automated telephone answering systems has cut down on the human intervention through receptionists and telephone operators needed in many organizations. This results in elimination of jobs and in other cases alienation of customers. It further makes it difficult for the unemployed specialists to secure future employment. Nonetheless, Freeland (2013) argues against this postulate

AES Corporation management (Organizational Behavior) Essay

AES Corporation management (Organizational Behavior) - Essay Example Finance management is crucial and the fact that we have been able to survive the current financial pressures proves our financial strength. We immediately took steps to reduce capital expenditure, disposed off assets, liquidated equity to meet the margin calls, retrenched, and withdrew from risky business areas. We are aware that AES may not be able to access the capital market and has to rely on the internally generated funds. Besides, as per the analysts report we may not be able to command a fair value for the assets that we put up for sale but the directors have already taken additional steps to provide a more substantial liquidity cushion. This will definitely leave us a better-capitalized and stronger company with less earnings volatility. Bidding power contracts is not an issue because people have the expertise to sustain competition like Shell and Bechtel. The focus now should not be on the investors, but on attaining liquidity. All the other fronts have been attacked simultaneously. Organizational changes have already been made with a view to enhance operating performance, further reduction of operating costs, revenue enhancements. Two special offices – the Cost Cutting Office and the Turnaround Office would assist in better coordination on management of expenses. It would also assist in taking prompt decisions to dispose off or retain businesses. Apart from these, what else can a new board of directors do? Failures of companies like Kellogg and Apple, who shared the vision of alternative type of enterprise.

Metropolitan studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Metropolitan studies - Essay Example Mass production of manufacture requires that not only machines are concentrated in specific locations but also the labor force. In turn, the creation of the proletariat led to the creation of the middle class in the cities. Soon the services sector emerged as a market, for services were created due to the concentration of labor. Urban centers are actually centers of concentration of labor residents and the middle class. It is both a system for rule and a result of the division of labor, natural flow of development, and a phenomenon brought about by technological factors. A city can be created through myths and violence but basically it is â€Å"an agglomeration of productive forces built by labor employed within the temporal process of circulation of capital† (Harvey 214-228, 229). For the first case, we can cite the work by W.E.B. Dubois of 1899. Du Bois reported that during the year American Blacks had been segregated, unlike other social groups of Philadelphia, in that â€Å"they do not form an integral part of the larger social group† (117). According to Du Bois, unlike other social groups, the segregation of the American Blacks was â€Å"conspicuous, more patent to the eye, and so intertwined with a long historic evolution, with peculiarly pressing problems of poverty, ignorance, crime and labor, that the Negro problem far surpasses in scientific interest and social gravity most of the other race or class questions† (118). Du Bois hinted that the growth of the Black American slum district of the Philadelphia is somehow linked with the development of the working class. He noted that many alleys are â€Å"haunts of noted criminals, male and female, of gamblers, and prostitutes, and at the same time of many poverty-stricken people, decent but not energetic† (122). Du Bois also noted an â€Å"increased restriction in the employments open to the Negro men since 1880 or even

Memorandom to the Minister- Water Policy alternatives Essay

Memorandom to the Minister- Water Policy alternatives - Essay Example tegy which can balance the domestic needs of the country as well as ensure that Water can serve as one of the lucrative commodity for the country and a mean to earn foreign exchange. This memorandum therefore will provide a brief discussion on the need for having a new water strategy and what economic options may be set to effectively utilize water resources of the country in most optimal manner. Over the period of time Canada has developed a very good market for its water in international markets. However, despite the benefits which country is availing by exporting its water, there is a growing concern that if same practices are continued, the domestic needs of the country for its agriculture as well as domestic purposes may not be fulfilled. There is therefore a greater need for the development of new water strategy which can balance both the objectives and help utilize the natural resources of the country in most optimal manner. (CBC News) 1. New Policy completely put restrictions on the export of the water out of the country in order to fulfill the domestic needs and ensure sustainable levels of water availability for long run. This will however, restrict the country’s ability to generate sufficient foreign exchange and thus may put adverse impacts on its trade balance. (Raider) 2. It is also possible to discuss the possibility of implementing tariffs or quota on the export of water from the water. Imposition of the quote however may result into higher domestic prices for the water. 3. New policy may set the different price alternatives for both the domestic and export use of the water. Further, export duties shall be applied in order to make the export of Canada’s water more expensive for foreign buyers. Minister shall recommend and lobby for the development of a joint forum which can evaluate the domestic needs for the water and develop set of recommendations which can provide a balance assessment of demand and supply of water and how excess water

Fluency & Learning Essay Example for Free

Fluency Learning Essay The purpose of this paper is to specify an interesting story and design reading activities around it to increase the reading fluency of students. The paper starts with a synopsis of The Cay, a tale of survival, in which a young boy is blinded by a severe blow on the back of his head while his ship which makes him entirely dependent on Timothy. The adventurous nature of this story makes it interesting for the students to read and carry out different activities on it, thus contributing to their reading fluency The Cay The book is written by Theodore Taylor. The story deals with a young boy’s misconceptions about race and a black sea man, Timothy, with whom he gets shipwrecked on a deserted island. The young boy, Philip, is blinded by a severe blow on the back of his head while his ship was destroyed by the enemy torpedo. This makes him entirely dependant on Timothy, at least initially through his stay at the island. As Philip explores the island and learns the art of survival and relies less on Timothy, their relationship and mutual respect grows for each other, when they learn to survive and live within the means available at the island. Their struggle to face the odds and survive on an isolated island with no food and water, indeed makes this an interesting tale of survival. (Polette, 1995) I’ll be employing following five different activities for the children to work with the story. Student-Adult Reading In student-adult reading, the class will be divided into small groups and each group will be assigned a chapter from the novel to read. The student will read out loud from the novel with me while the rest of the children listen. I will read the text first, which will actually give the student a model of fluent reading. This is followed by the student reading the same text, while I would assist and encourage him or her during the process. I would repeat this process with individual student until the subject gains fluency in reading the particular passage. (Fluency Learning to Read Reading Fluency) c In this activity the students will read a particular passage from the novel along with me as a group. To carry out this activity, each student will be provided his/her own copy of the novel. I would read a particular passage starting from the first chapter so that the children begin to comprehend the story ad they are familiarized with the words. After reading a particular passage I would re-read the passage aloud to model fluent reading but this time asking the students to join in and read the passage along with me. This would be repeated three to five times on selected days of the week. At the end of this routine students should be able to read the text independently. (Reading Fluency, 2002) Tape-assisted Reading This activity follows a different method. Students are supposed to read from their books while they hear and follow a fluent reader read the text from the book on an audiotape. For this activity to be a success the recorded voice should be reading the text at about 80-100 words per minutes. Each student must have his/her copy of the novel in front of him/her and the recorded voice should be loud and audible. To start with, student should point along the text with his finger while listening to the recorded voice. After this practice the student must read out the text aloud with the tape. Reading the text loud with the tape must continue until the student gains fluency and can read the material without the support of the recorded voice. Fluency is important in readind as it allows the particiants to groud words together and focus more on their meanning rather than decoding the text. On the other hand less fluet readers direct more attention towards word recognition than comprehension of the given text. The above mentioned exercise is therefore aimed at easing the hesitation in reading. (Fluency, 2001) Partner Reading Partner reading is an activity which involves a couple of students taking turns to read the text aloud to each other. This would turn out to be an effective reading practice in which fluent readers can be paired with less fluent ones. The less fluent reader will use the fluent reader’s style of expression as a model and learn quickly. The better skilled reader provides help to the weak reader with word recognition and assists him in the process. Another approach to partner reading is check list reading where both the partners are given checklists. After explaining the students how they can change the pitch of their voice to make it more realistic, each students is asked to read out the passage to their respective partners thrice following the above instructions. At the end each students submits a report regarding their partner’s fluency which can be improved upon in the next session. (Murray) Readers theatre Readers theatre involves students rehearsing and performing a play for their fellow students and friends. Characters from the novel can be assigned to different students who can then act out the play by reading from their individual scripts derived from the novel. ‘The Cay’ will be a suitable book for this practice as it is rich in dialogues. This kind of activity makes reading more appealing and enhances fluency by providing students with the opportunity to interact with their peers on a different level. References Fluency Learning to Read Reading Fluency. (n. d. ). Retrieved July 2008, from http://www. time4learning.com/readingpyramid/fluency. htm Fluency. (2001). Retrieved July 2008, from Reading Rockets: http://www. readingrockets. org/teaching/reading101/fluency Murray, D. B. (n. d. ). Developing Reading Fluency. Retrieved July 2008, from http://www. auburn. edu/%7Emurraba/ Polette, N. (1995). The Cay by Theodore Taylor. Retrieved July 2008, from http://www. nancypolette. com/LitGuides/cay. pdf Reading Fluency. (2002). Retrieved July 2008, from http://readingserver. edb. utexas. edu/downloads/primary/guides/Fluency_Presentation. PDF